Religious attitudes of Christian and Muslim adolescents in Flanders (Belgium): Underlying structure and relationships with values, racism and acculturation

Wulff’s (1997) scheme of religiosity in terms of Exclusion versus Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal versus Symbolic is a well-accepted dimensional model of religiosity. The present study tested the validity of this model in a sample of Flemish Muslim and Christian adolescents. The results showed the validity of the two-dimensional structure of religious attitudes in a Muslim context, and Muslim adolescents obtained higher scores on Inclusion of Transcendence than their Christian counterparts. Moreover, in the Muslim sample, the two dimensions were meaningfully related to values, racism, and acculturation.